My Ideal Job as a Teacher Free Essays

ECONOMIC Impact of business Closure in Claiborne County, Mississippi Abstract Historically Claiborne and other counties in the region depended on small-scale agriculture and was an attractive location for light manufacturing. Today, many of these advantages have been lost and firms that made up the bulk of the economic activities in the areas are disappearing in large numbers. Hence, per capita income falls and people migrate to more prosperous areas, leaving the region deeply depressed. We will write a custom essay sample on My Ideal Job as a Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using descriptive as well as inferential methods to analyze data, results show interesting trends, especially with regard to business migration. Socioeconomic variable are largely responsible for business closure that have seriously devastated the economic well-being of the county. This means that every effort should be made to improve social conditions and improve the educational system. ECONOMIC Impact of Business Closure in Claiborne County, Mississippi Introduction: Traditionally, Mississippi is one of the poorest states in the United States with agriculture as the mainstay of the economy. It is the second in the nation in cotton production exceeded only by Texas. Mississippi is also the world’s largest producer of pond-raised catfish and the leading shrimp producing state in the U. S. A. The comparative underdevelopment of the state has been worsened in recent years by the closure of several manufacturing businesses both during the periods of economic boom and especially so during the economic downturn. Hypothesis: The general objective of this study is to establish predominant reasons for the closure of major jobs providing industries in Claiborne County. I believe the general cause of business closure is that per capita income dictates the purchasing power of the community which does impact business losure based on information obtained from former business owners. Materials: 1. Listing of former business (Port Gibson Main Street) 2. Former Business Owners 3. Data from local school district 4. Data from United States Census Bureau 5. Spread sheet Procedure: 1. Interviewed former business owners 2. Obtained data from my local school di strict 3. Obtained data from Mississippi Unemployment Commission 3. Obtained data from the United States Census Bureau 4. Complied data Results: Per capital income, unemployment rate, graduation and poverty rate all are significant for Claiborne County. However, while other factors may be instrumental in promoting business development and retention, socioeconomic variable play a crucial role and should not be underestimated in policy decisions geared at attracting and retaining businesses in Claiborne County, Mississippi. Conclusion: In my conclusion, concerns for improvement in quality of rural communities are forced on business development. Many rural communities are normally classed by weak economies due to their dependency on agro based and externally owned businesses. The survival of businesses, especially small scale business has positive impact on the rural economies. Therefore, business closure is a major constraint to economic growth and should be avoided at all cost. With a better understanding that the main contributing factors to business failure in Claiborne County are of social and economic nature, greater effort can be made to improve these conditions; to not only attract new businesses, but to retain them after they have been established. Map showing location of Claiborne County [pic] Conceptual Model Per Capita Income: Changes in Per Capita Income reflect economic development in a community. Unemployment Rate: Grand Gulf Nuclear Power Plant is one of the largest employers located in this county. Very few other business entities have come to the area. As with several surrounding cities and neighborhoods, the recent closing and downsizing of businesses have made the unemployment rates increase. Poverty Rate: The rate of poverty is an important social indicator of the well-being of America’s poor. It is also a useful tool to help shape Federal policies aimed at helping the needy. Poverty still remains a problem in many communities especially in rural areas. High School Graduation Rate: Human capital development in terms of formal education is a important tool for community development. It has become a strategy for community restructuring. Increasing changes in the structure of businesses require that some level of formal education be attained. The levels of education in rural communities are however dismal. ———————– Business Closure Business Failure in Claiborne County Lead To: Poverty Rate Unemployment Rate Per Capita Income High School Graduation Rate Poor Housing Infrastructure Low Economic Well-being of Residents Low Labor Force Migration Poor Schools and Other Infrastructure How to cite My Ideal Job as a Teacher, Papers

Cyber Bullying for Academics and Healthy - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCyber Bullying for Academics and Healthy. Answer: Hinduja, S., Patchin, J. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Neither an epidemic nor a rarity.European Journal of Developmental Psychology,9(5), 539-543. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2012.706448 Cyber bullying means when someone continuously makes fun of other person over online medium in regards to some online post. Cyber bullying is very frequent among today's youth and has been increasing dramatically in recent years. According to the review done by the authors using 35 scientific papers, 24% of teen are victims of cyber bullying and 17% students committed that they influence such kind of behaviour. Moreover, these bullied teens are also the perpetrators compared to those who restrict themselves in engaging such activities. However, only 1/4th of the bullied teens share their stories with the adults and hence actual number of bullied students cannot be ascertained. There lies an inversely proportional relationship between the school climate and the rate of bullying among the students. The bullied individuals claim of experiencing a negative or non-supportive climate at school. So in order to prevent the chances of cyber bullying, it is important for the educators to devel op and promote a respectful and safe environment at school. In such sage climate, the teachers are expected to bestow a warm and caring atmosphere with a detailed focus on the learning, academics and healthy self-esteem. Goff, W. (2011). The shades of grey of cyberbullying in Australian schools.Australian Journal of Education,55(2), 176-181. doi: 10.1177/000494411105500207 Cyber bullying is a new challenge in the Australian schools, which is affecting the society. Many students have been suspended from school after finding guilty of cyber bullying. However, Australia's first prosecution for cyber bullying occurred in 2010, but it has been overlooked in the schools. As per the Safe Schools are Effective Schools strategy framed by the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD), all the Victorian school must develop and successfully implement a Student Code of Conduct regarding anti-bullying and anti-harassment. Safe and supportive environment in schools empower students to deal effectively with cyber bullying. The code of conduct deals with strategies to overcome the threat of cyber bullying. However, there lie certain gaps in the code of conduct. Students mostly get victims of cyber bullying after the school hours but it affects the well-being of the students at schools. The code of conduct does not provide clear guideline s regarding the caring of student beyond school hours. These are the principle shades of grey which the schools in Australia are yet of decipher. In order to reduce the burden from the teachers, special management practices must be undertaken which will educate the community in relation to cyber bullying so that the parents and teacher can work in unison and deal the problem effectively. References Goff, W. (2011). The shades of grey of cyberbullying in Australian schools.Australian Journal of Education,55(2), 176-181. Doi: 10.1177/000494411105500207 Hinduja, S., Patchin, J. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Neither an epidemic nor a rarity.European Journal of Developmental Psychology,9(5), 539-543. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2012.706448

The Atomic Bomb Was It Nessesary Essay Example For Students

The Atomic Bomb: Was It Nessesary Essay August 6th, 1945, 70,0000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue whether or not the U.S. should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? To answer that first we must look at was going on in the world at the time of the conflict. The U.S. had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Moral was most likely low, and resources were at the same level as moral. Still both sides continued to fight and both were determined to win. Obviously the best thing that could have possibly happened would have been to bring the war to a quick end with a minimum of allied casualties. Harry Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb was entirely warranted and was in the best interest of Americans and the world. Three factors should be considered to fully realize this. First, what would have happened should we have not dropped the bomb? Would WWII have ended shortly afterwards without nuclear arms-not likely. Secondly we must consider the Japanese peoples extreme dedication to their country and emperor, willing to give up their own lives without thinking to stop the enemy. Lastly the morality of nuclear bombing must be explored. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb: Was It Nessesary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While many may argue against the use of such a seemingly cruel form of attack was unnecessary, it is obvious that the atomic bomb was the only means to an end of WWII. What would have happened had the A-bomb not been used? The most obvious answer is that he war would have continued. U.S. forces therefore would have had to invade the home island of Japan. It is hard to imagine the number of additional casualties we would have incurred had a Japanese land war been necessary. Also, our forces would not only have to fend off the Japanese military, but they would also be defending themselves against the civilian peoples of Japan as well. Like the Vietnamese that would come years later, the Japanese government was equipping citizens with any kind of weapon available from guns and knives to spears. Also public support was strongly behind Truman and the allied forces. In the following quote taken from a radio address of the time Harry S. Truman explains what has happened and his motives behind the decision The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. We have won the race of discovery against the Germans. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japans power to make war. This quote embodies the spirit of the American people of the time. The public was eager for a quick end to the war and American casualties. Also Truman threatens to utilize the A-bombs power again until we are victorious. In hindsight it is clear the correct decision was made. How can anyone be certain that Japan would have continued to fight? It is possible that they were preparing for surrender, no one can say for certain exactly what would have happened but by examining evidence of Japanese culture and warfare it is obvious that would not have been the case. At the time of WWII systematic and organized education made efficient brainwashing possible. In public schools, students were taught to die for the emperor. By late 1944, a slogan of Jusshi Reisho meaning, Sacrifice life, was taught. In addition to civilians dedication to their country, there was a group of military pilots called the Kamikaze. Kamikaze were suicide pilots. .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 , .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .postImageUrl , .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 , .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023:hover , .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023:visited , .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023:active { border:0!important; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023:active , .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023 .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e592ee9e87cb3db3535230d44382023:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction Essay They would load up an airplane and try to nose dive it into an enemy target. Think about what must be on that pilots mind. Imagine the undying love for his country. He would fight to the bitter end for his emperor. The most frightening part of this is that the entire Japanese military thought this way. The fact that the enemy is willing to die so long as you die with him is not something . The Atomic Bomb Was It Nessesary Essay Example For Students The Atomic Bomb: Was It Nessesary Essay August 6th, 1945, 70,0000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue whether or not the U.S. should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? To answer that first we must look at was going on in the world at the time of the conflict. The U.S. had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Moral was most likely low, and resources were at the same level as moral. Still both sides continued to fight and both were determined to win. Obviously the best thing that could have possibly happened would have been to bring the war to a quick end with a minimum of allied casualties. Harry Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb was entirely warranted and was in the best interest of Americans and the world. Three factors should be considered to fully realize this. First, what would have happened should we have not dropped the bomb? Would WWII have ended shortly afterwards without nuclear arms-not likely. Secondly we must consider the Japanese peoples extreme dedication to their country and emperor, willing to give up their own lives without thinking to stop the enemy. Lastly the morality of nuclear bombing must be explored. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb: Was It Nessesary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While many may argue against the use of such a seemingly cruel form of attack was unnecessary, it is obvious that the atomic bomb was the only means to an end of WWII. What would have happened had the A-bomb not been used? The most obvious answer is that he war would have continued. U.S. forces therefore would have had to invade the home island of Japan. It is hard to imagine the number of additional casualties we would have incurred had a Japanese land war been necessary. Also, our forces would not only have to fend off the Japanese military, but they would also be defending themselves against the civilian peoples of Japan as well. Like the Vietnamese that would come years later, the Japanese government was equipping citizens with any kind of weapon available from guns and knives to spears. Also public support was strongly behind Truman and the allied forces. In the following quote taken from a radio address of the time Harry S. Truman explains what has happened and his motives behind the decision The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. We have won the race of discovery against the Germans. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japans power to make war. This quote embodies the spirit of the American people of the time. The public was eager for a quick end to the war and American casualties. Also Truman threatens to utilize the A-bombs power again until we are victorious. In hindsight it is clear the correct decision was made. How can anyone be certain that Japan would have continued to fight? It is possible that they were preparing for surrender, no one can say for certain exactly what would have happened but by examining evidence of Japanese culture and warfare it is obvious that would not have been the case. At the time of WWII systematic and organized education made efficient brainwashing possible. In public schools, students were taught to die for the emperor. By late 1944, a slogan of Jusshi Reisho meaning, Sacrifice life, was taught. In addition to civilians dedication to their country, there was a group of military pilots called the Kamikaze. Kamikaze were suicide pilots. .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 , .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .postImageUrl , .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 , .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410:hover , .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410:visited , .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410:active { border:0!important; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410:active , .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410 .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f2e342666cd31a3c70bc114d6d9b410:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Experience With Writing Class Essay They would load up an airplane and try to nose dive it into an enemy target. Think about what must be on that pilots mind. Imagine the undying love for his country. He would fight to the bitter end for his emperor. The most frightening part of this is that the entire Japanese military thought this way. The fact that the enemy is willing to die so long as you die with him is not something .

Researching university options for event management courses Essay Example

Researching university options for event management courses Essay Example Researching university options for event management courses Essay Researching university options for event management courses Essay After working for 6 years in a full time retail position, I decided to leave and pursue another career. This drastic change with impact my life greatly, mainly financially. At my previous job I received a substantial wage due to being in a management position but I was not entirely satisfied with the job. The new career I have chosen is event management, specifically in the music industry. I already have relevant experience as this is something I currently do in my spare time but feel I have taken it as far as I can with the knowledge I currently have. In this report I will be providing information on the different choices that are suitable to me accounting for location and funding sources available to me. Courses BSc (honours) event management 1. Plymouth university for a 3 year course 2. Optional placement year after year 2 bringing it up to a 4 year course 3. Course cost is  £9,000 a year 4. Entry requirements are GCSE Maths and English (grade C or above) Access to HE in social sciences(at least 33 credits at merit or distinction) The first year of the course is to Familiarise yourself with how events fit into the world of arts, entertainment and the media and Discover the principles of design and learn what it takes to manage conferences and events. The aim of the second year is to broaden your knowledge of festivals, exhibitions, conferences, planning and managing people and expand your knowledge of event innovation and the promotion of events. The third year is an optional placement year and the final year consists of demonstrating your skills in planning and staging events. BA (honours) event management 1. Cardiff university for a 3 year course 2. No placement option 3. Course cost is  £9,000 a year 4. Entry requirements are 5 GCSEs including Maths and English (grade C or above) Access to HE in social sciences (45 credits at level 3) The first year of the course is to introduce the event management and learn about the basics of organising an event and touches on how to manage a business. The second year goes in to more depth where I will learn about crisis management marketing for tourism and hospitality and event safety and licencing. The final year is where I will learn about strategic management for tourism, hospitality and Events. BA (honours) event management 1. Bournemouth university for a 4 year course 2. Compulsory placement in year 3 3. Course cost is  £9,000 a year 4. Entry requirements are 4 GCSEs including English and Maths (grade c and above) Access to HE in social sciences (with 60 Credits at least 45 at level 3, remainder at level 2 or equivalent) with a minimum of 24 level 3 credits with Merit or above. The first year of the course consists of event design and production, marketing, financial reporting and the marketing economy. The second year will build my knowledge and equip me the organisational skills to be an effective event manager. My third year is a placement year and the final year is where I will focus on a higher level of learning and in more depth, by studying events in their international context. All 3 universities are in the southwest of England which is within an easy travelling distance to family and friends I already have in this part of the country. I also would like to continue running music events in my spare time and having many contacts in the industry in the southwest is another factor for not attending a university elsewhere in the country. After completion of my Access to HE course I will have achieved the entry requirements for all the courses I have decided to look at. The course at Plymouth University is the course that will be best suited for me purely down to its location as I already live in Plymouth and would continue running my music events without having to start from scratch in another city. Funding Tuition fee loan A tuition fee loan of  £9,000 will be granted to cover the cost of tuition fees for every year I attend the course. The loan is paid directly to the University that I choose to attend. This is fully repayable but not until you are earning more than  £21,000 a year. Even once you are earning above the  £21,000 threshold, you only pay back 9% of what you earn above  £21,000 for example, if you are earning  £22,000 a year then you pay back 9% of the  £1,000 above the  £21,000 threshold which equates to  £90. Maintenance loan for living costs A maintenance loan for somebody living away from home outside of London of  £5,500 will be granted per year. The loan will be paid directly into my bank account at the start of term. This is fully repayable in the same way as the tuition fee loan. Student maintenance grant A maintenance grant of  £3,354 will be awarded for somebody earning less than  £25,000 which fits my financial income. The grant will not have to be paid back and will be paid directly into my bank account at the start of term. University bursary A bursary up to  £1,000 will be awarded to me as I will be on a household income of less than  £25,000. This will come directly from the university I choose and isn’t repayable. It will be paid directly into my bank account. Access to Learning Fund An access to learning fund is paid at the discretion of the University depending on current financial situation and whether I will be in hardship at the time of my application. This can be paid in a lump sun or in instalments throughout the year. It is paid directly in to my bank account.

HUI 235 Sex Love and Tragedy in Early Italian Literature Assignment

HUI 235 Sex Love and Tragedy in Early Italian Literature - Assignment Example Dante took pains for the development of his character reaching the final concept of love. He presents her first as a quite ordinary woman who achieves greater status at the end and it likens her to Christ. Here Dante wins his attempt of constructing his own legend; the Holy Beatrix. Dante could not acknowledge the fact that Beatrice was one of many ladies. Later, different meanings are attributed Beatrice like the symbols of Christ and miracle (The Florence Newspaper, n. d.). Virgil is the other character appearing with Dante in Inferno. Critics have attributed different symbolisms to the presentation of Virgil’s ghost in the poem. They are of the opinion that the ghost represents human reason which guides and protects persons from the world of sin. Reading through the poem, one feels that Virgil’s character best suits for reason where he proves sober, measured, resolute, and wise. He has been presented in the poem as the protector of Dante from demons and monsters. Virgil also reminds the readers about the significance of religious faith— Reason is powerless without faith, by following the words of angelic messenger. Here, Virgil acts as the guide of Dante, who enables Dante to have a clear view of Hell and for strengthening his moral lessons. He leads him as a master, expressing the acknowledgement and appreciation of the classical tradition. Francesca was the contemporary of Dante, whose presentation in Inferno attracted the attention of many critics. According to them her personality is sufficient to atone for her sin. For a reader it is easy to understand her character. Presenting Francesca in his poem was a great challenge to Dante. But he won in his attempt to present her as one of the most charming creatures to appear in world literature (Alighieri,Dante., Musa, Mark, 1995. P. 310) Her aristocratic behavior is well appreciated and it enables her to wipe out her

Ethics and Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics and Safety - Assignment Example If Garcia takes the Miltech’s case to the union, the management will be liable for negligence and greed. The management would be accused of defiance to guide their subordinate employees when undertaking their duties, providing them with appropriate facilities, and improving the working conditions of their employees. The union will also challenge the management for its poor decision to accept the project beyond its capability and the risking for losing the contract would be high. Furthermore, the management would be challenged for violation of the Miltech’s corporate ethics because of neglecting their leadership qualities and making decision without consulting all the parties involved. On the other hand, If Garcia takes the matter to OSHA; the management team would be in trouble because it will have a case to answer. A legal action would be taken against the management because of risking the lives of their employees to achieve their personal objectives. Secondly, the team would make the company to be charged for its failure to adhere to the health and safety acts set by OSHA. Additionally, the case will damage the reputation of Miltech Company and the chances of retaining the awarded contract and winning similar contracts in the future would be slim. To make the matters worse all the members in support of such kind of a risk against health and safety of their employees would be sacked because they lack the characteristics of good leaders and are guided by greed. Before taking any action, Garcia should talk to the boss about the ongoing the circulating rumors for the newly awarded contract. Then he should act according to the decision made by the boss. If the boss decides to resolve the matter internally, it could be fine because the idea would prevent Miltech from losing its reputation. The management team and Garcia should meet and discuss the way forward in handling the contract and employees too should be represented. At their meeting, the

Sustainability In Discount Retailing at Wal Mart

Sustainability In Discount Retailing at Wal Mart Porter (2002) states that root of the problem lies in the lack of distinguishing between operation effectiveness and strategy. The expedition for productivity, quality and speed has resulted in management tools and techniques, total quality management benchmarking, time based competition, outsourcing, partnering, reengineering, change management. In any organization, strategy management is the key to its success. There are many theories based on this assumption that without a proper strategy and planning, it is difficult for any industry to survive irrespective of its size. It is necessary to understand here that all the major corporate organizations have established themselves, thanks to superior strategic planning and implementation. The retail industry is making news everywhere with not only the traditional industries increasing their outlets but some major corporate industries also intruding into this industry like Fresh @ Reliance of Reliance Industries, More of Aditya Birla Gro up in India. Wal-Mart, a US based retail industry, which is known as the giant in the retail industry has survived and is still the huge enterprise in the world which deals with almost all the FB products, apparels, etc. It is not only the largest company in world but also the largest company in the history of world.(Fishman, 2006) The present paper is divided into four sections to understand and answer as what makes Wal-Mart the best in the industry, 1) retailing industry at the time of Wal-Marts innings, 2) Wal-Marts Competitive advantage and key components, 3) Wal-Marts Strategy and 4) Sustainable growth of Wal-Mart. I. Retail Industry Wal-Mart says Hello! Strategic decisions are ones that are aimed at differentiating an organization from its competitors in a way that is sustainable in the future. (Porter, 2002) Porter strongly advocates that decisions in business can be classified as strategic if they involve some innovation and difference that results in sustainable advantage. According to Patrick Hayden et al (2002) the retailing industry adopted the style of discounting on its merchandise after the Second World War. It is learnt that discount retailing was not the strategy at the time Kmart, Target and Wal-Mart first started operating their business. Frank (2006) states that when Sam Walton was franchising for Ben Franklins variety store, invented an idea of passing on the savings to his customers and earning his profits through volume. Prior to Wal-Marts entry into the market, Sidney and Hebert from Harrison founded Two Guys discount store in the year 1946 which dealt in hardware, automotive parts and later on groceries. Two Guys was the forerunner as compared to todays retailers like Super Target, Wal-Mart which succumbed to the economic recession. Another discount store set up by Eugene as E.J. Korvette, which is often cited as first discount store which did not raise from 5 10 cents roots and eventually declared bankruptcy due to inability to compete with the new entrants. Porter (2002) states that combination of operational effectiveness and strategy is essential for superior performance which is the primary goal of any organization. He also says that a company can perform its rivals only if it can operate in different ways which are not in practice. Much emphasis had been laid on strategic positioning like variety based positioning, needs based positioning and access based positioning. Along with Wal-Mart, other stores that started operating were Target, Woolworth (Woolco) and K-Mart. However, Target has been functioning successfully, courtesy Wal-Mart, but other two failed in their operations and filed bankruptcy.( Michael Bergdahl, 2004) Porters five forces model explains what strategic decisions should be made and on what basis. The model explains the basic strategies to be considered while starting a business like bargaining power of suppliers. While franchising of Franklin he always looked for cheaper deals and thought of passing his savings to the customers and earning through the margin on volume of bulk purchases. Through the way of discount stores, shoppers were given the cheapest price as compared to any other store. In regard to threats of new entrants, Wal-Mart has been constantly in the news for acquisition of other small retail shops in view of its expansion. But nevertheless it has stiff competition from likes of Super Target, Tesco, etc. it is the w orlds biggest retail industry. II. Key Components of Wal-Mart Business Model Wal-Mart is the leader in retailing industry with fiscal revenue of $244.52 billion in 2003 making it the worlds largest corporation. Mike reports that Wal-Mart as of 2002 had 1,283,000 employees growing at 11.2%. The above data explains that strategy of Wal-Mart is extraordinary which manages and operates over 4150 retail facilities globally.The key components of Wal-Mart (The Value Chain), which offers cheap prices than its competitors includes firm infrastructure like frugal culture, no regional offices and pleasant environment to work. Managements take lots of visits and it is learnt there are no rehearsals before any meeting which is usually scheduled on every Saturday. In any organization, human resource is the key to development and Wal-Mart efficiently manages its sources. Wal-Mart terms its employees as associates. Manager compensation is linked to the profit of store operated by him, within promotions, compensation offered to associates depending on companys profits and als o offered some incentives on their performances. The workforce at Wal-Mart is not unionized as the company takes all the measures of their benefits and provides them training on related issues. Technology plays a vital role in development of the organization and Wal-Mart is well equipped with technological innovations like POS, store performance tracking, real time market research, satellite system and UPC. Wal-Mart procurement measures like hard-nosed negotiations, partnerships with some vendors, centralized buying, planning packets, etc. helps at large the cause of providing the goods and services on cheap prices. The other factors that increase the margin of profit for Wal-Mart are inbound logistics with frequent replenishment, automated DCs cross docking, pick to flight, EDI, hub and spoke system. Wal-Mart strategy of operation is innovative with big stores in small towns with monopoly in the market at low rental costs, local prices, concentric expansion, merchandising in brand name, private labels, little space for inventory, store within store, etc. In relation to marketing and sales, merchandising is tailored from locals, spent less on advertising and the prices are fixed low and it depends on the store manager to fix the latitude of pricing. All the above factors combined together form the key components of Wal-Mart which not only increase the margin of profits through bulk sales but also boost the confidence of the customers with services like point of sale information system and everyday low prices. III. Wal-Mart Strategy Wal-Mart dominates the American retailing industry due to number of factors like its business model which is still a mystery and its effectiveness in not letting the rivals let know about the weaknesses. Wal-Mart made strategic attempts in the its formulation to dominate the retail market where it has its presence, growth by expansion in the US and Internationally, create widespread name recognition and customer satisfaction in relation to brand name Wal-Mart and branching into new sectors of retailing. It is learnt that Wal-Mart strives on three generic strategies consisting of Focus Strategy, the Differentiation Strategy and overall cost leadership. Managers strive hard to make their organizations unique, distinctive and identify key success factors that will drive the customers to buy their products.Thus, firm specific resources and capabilities are crucial in explaining the firms performance. The Resource Based View (RBV) explains competitive heterogeneity based on the premise that close competitors differ in their resources and capabilities in important and durable ways. The companys capability can be found through its functionality, reliable performance, like Wal-Mart superior logistics. (Helfat, 2002) Wal-Mart has firm infrastructure, well equipped in human resource with management professionals and technologically too. Any organizations thrive hard to be successful for which it needs to have better resources and superior capabilities. Wal-Mart has strong RBV with economically and financially very strong enough to stand still in the time of crisis. Pereira states that dominating the retail market is its key strategy. Wal-Mart operates on low price strategy which is operated as every day low prices (EDLP) which builds trust among the customers.(Brunn, 2006)The strategy lies in purchasing the goods at lower prices and selling the goods to customer at much lower prices, cutting the price as far as possible and increasing the profit by increasing the number of sales. This ferociously increases the competition in the market and Wal-Mart competes with all its competitors till it is dominant it the market. Wal-Mart is expanding seriously and rapidly which is also its strategic goal. Wal-Mart employs over 1.3 associates, owns over 4000 stores out of which 3000 are in US and serves around 100 million customers weekly. Wal-Mart has acquired many international stores and merged with some super stores like ASDA in UK. Wal-Mart far flung network of retail outlets has ensured that Wal-Mart interacts with and has impact on virtually every locality within US. (Helfat, 2002) The expanded strategy has led the hunger of Wal-Mart to many European Countries. It is learnt that three countries with no Wal-Mart stores became part of corporations international presence wherein the domestic retail chains were taken over by Wal-Mart including 122 Woolco stores in Canada, 21 Wertkauf stores in Germany and 229 ASDA units in United Kingdom. The takeover strategy by Wal-Mart keeps the company at forefront when entering into the new market and the number of competitors is also minimized. The strategies have he lped the Wal-Mart to rein in number one position in international countries making it the largest retailer in the world. It is seen that Wal-Mart has significantly the Porters five force model wherein through proper strategic planning and strategic implementation has led to removal of barrier entry, rivalry from competitors and pricing norms. In regard to substitutes, Wal-Mart in order to achieve its aim of customer satisfaction has selling goods under its own legal brand. Wal-Marts big box phenomenon has changed the retailing industry in the United States which is often considered as discount stores and makes profit through high volume of purchases and low markup on profits.(Parnell, 2008)Wal-Mart with its low cost and ever expanding strategy has made a dramatic impact since 1962 when Sam Walton first started his business. With this strategy, Wal-Mart has now over 4000 stores and outlets in US and other countries through acquisition and mergers. IV. Sustainability in Discount Retailing Wal-Mart According to Porter, (2002) operational effectiveness and efficiency are the key elements of success in any organization. A company can outperform its rivals or competitors in the market only with superior management and efficient control creating a difference from the others which eventually attracts customers. Porter defines operational effectiveness as performance of similar activities as its rivals but better than them. In a study, it is stated the Wal-Mart is expert in manipulating perceptions. It is termed that low price is not the strategy of Wal-Mart but the advertisement manipulates the consumer perceptions by making them think that its prices are lower than its competitors price using price spin. Wal-Mart makes the consumer addicted coming to its stores by convincing them the prices are lower than in the other stores by selling itself cheaper by advertising that we have lower prices than anyone else and placing a opening price point. The opening price point is the lowest pr ice in the store which is kept at high visibility which makes consumer believes that the products in this store are really cheaper. (Race Cowgill, 2005) The SWOT analysis of Wal-Mart reveals that it is most powerful retail brand, reputation for money, value, commitment, and provides wide range of products. It is growing at a brisk pace with expanding its horizon to other parts of world through acquisition and merger. Wal-Mart has good opportunities in markets of Europe and China and focuses on acquiring the market through acquisition of smaller stores and merger with leaders in the specific markets. Wal-Mart is always under threat to sustain its top position in market nationally and internationally. Global leader in the industry leaves the organization vulnerable to many socioeconomic and political problems of the country. Sustainability at the top place is the most important job that makes its managers strives hard to frame the policies and strategy to compete with its rivals in the market. Slack, Imitation, Substitution and Hold-up are some of the threats to any organization in retail industry. However, Wal-Mart with its visionary goal of attaining zero waste status and reaching 100% renewable energy has planned to launch number of sustainability initiatives. (GreenBiz, 2008) Imitation increase profits by increasing the supply. But imitation puts reputation, relationship at stake. James Hall reports that Wal-Mart is planning to open convenience stores as Tesco has started and operating in US called Fresh Easy Neighborhood Markets. (James, 2008) Such tactics will create mixed response among the consumers while degrading the reputation of the leader in market. Substitution reduces the demand for what a firm uniquely provides by shifting the demand elsewhere due to changes in technology. The threats of substitution can be subtle and unexpected like minimizing expenses through videoconferencing instead of air flights to long distance meetings with its managers of other stores, etc. Therefore, substation is an especially effective way of attacking dominant rivals in the market. Substitution offers mixed responses after identifying and understanding the threats. The organization should fight the threat and merging with them, switching to different options of substitution to be in the market. Hold-up diverts the value to customers, suppliers or complementors who have some bargaining leverage which results in tough negotiations, contractual agreements and vertical integration. Wal-Mart is having great network with almost over 7800 stores and Sams Club locations in 16 markets worldwide. It employs more than 2 million associates and serves more than 100 million customers every year. According to Fishman (2006) Americans spend $26 million every hour at Wal-Mart which makes it believable that Wal-Mart is financially very strong and is capable of combating any threat from its rivals in the market. Wal-Mart is ever expanding its boundaries by way of acquisition and mergers. Thus Wal-Mart with such a vast network of stores and alliances in the forms of ASDA, Target and many other stores is well protected enough to sustain its top position in the retail industry.