Objective of Punishment

Objectives of Punishment There have been many rules throughout history some choose to follow those rules and some choose to break the rules. The big question is the product to those who should break the rules. There was a day when parents could spank their children freely and accepted as simply normal. As the years went on, society started to see how people would take it too far. Therefore, laws had to change. It is the same within today’s prison system. Individuals are in prison because they broke the rules and would have to serve their time. Some go to federal prison and some go to state prisons. It depends on the type of crime that a person commits; because these prisons harbor different types of criminals they also have different guidelines to follow in terms to punishing the inmates. How does sending one person to state or one person to federal prison affect the correctional system altogether? The State of California’s main goal of sentencing is to match the community sanctions with the offender. The types of community sanctions include: Criminal offenders who benefit from prevention services and are at risk of committing more crimes include: juvenile offenders with learning difficulties, high school dropouts, and urban youth gang members. Prevention services may include activities such as special education programs, and big brother programs. Criminal offenders who have received and benefited from these early intervention services are mostly first time offenders. Early intervention programs can significantly decrease the offender’s chances for committing crimes in the future. Offenders need substance abuse and alcohol counseling-related services, work skill development, and education, (Nieto, 1996). Offenders eligible for these programs are people in prison who can divert to alternative services and programs. The convicted offenders can be a second time or even a third time offenders who failed probation and even convicted of several of nonviolent offenses. California's â€Å"three strike's law,† can result in convicted felon sentenced to prison for life if the convicted offenders first two felonies were violent crimes and the third felony committed by the repeat offender is also a violent crime, (Nieto, 1996). The main goal of these sentencing guidelines is to put the targeted offenders with appropriate community sanctions. However, there are some differences and variations in the California sentencing guidelines, which include the punishment by the nature of crime committed, frequency, and severity. A good example took place in Michigan. If an offender is arrested for burglary, which is a class ‘C' felony in the state of Michigan, and a previous drug arrest, which are also a class C crime. The Michigan sentencing guideline rates provide sentencing options from alternative community corrections to a two-year prison sentence, (Nieto, 1996). The community correction’s alternative gives the judge the option of sentencing the criminal offender to a community-based and secured substance abuse treatment program for a period of six months. Upon successful completion of the treatment program, the offender must complete a probationary period. The discretion of the judge comes from a vast array of options. However, if an offender is found guilty of a serious felony and has prior nonviolent felony, sentencing guidelines provide community corrections and alternatives are not authorized and a minimum two-year prison sentence may be requisite, (Nieto, 1996). Until 1975, the federal bureau of prisons operated under the principles of the medical model of managing inmates. The medical model entailed educational, vocational, and treatment programs that attempted to transform criminal behavior into a positive and productive behaviors that would benefit society. The medical model utilized the federal inmate classification system to manage the inmate population and promote individualized treatment, (Miller, 2011). By 1975, the federal bureau of prisons had a much greater inmate population than it had several decades earlier during its inception, and they adopted the balanced model to manage those inmates. The balanced model no longer promoted individualized treatment. The balanced model was a composite model that focused on a combination of the principles of rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution, and incapacitation, (Miller, 2011). Several other major changes over the last few decades have affected the sentencing of those convicted of violating federal laws. The U. S. Sentencing Commission of 985 limited the use of probation for federal offenses, particularly for drug offenses and violent crimes. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 limited the amount of time the prisoners could reduce from their sentences for good behavior. This new law mandated that federal prisoners must serve a minimum of 85% of their sentence. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 also abolished the use of parole for federal p risoners, (Miller, 2011). Federal prisons manage their inmates within the guidelines of a Prisoners Bill of Rights. The prisoner’s rights include clean and decent living environments. Prisoners also have the rights to develop and maintain skills as a productive worker and have the rights to maintain and reinforce family and community ties, (Miller, 2011). The adoption of prisoner rights has helped the federal prisons avoid much of the legal turmoil that has embroiled the state prison systems. Most of the United States economist believed that in today’s times, the USA experiences the most drastic crisis in decades. All states in the United States report about significant budget shortfalls. As the results, the state governments significantly have to reduce their spending for correctional system. For the last two decades of the 20th Century, the spending for state and federal penitentiaries increased 600% because of the growth of measured requiring economic expenditures, for example, mandatory minimum sentences, truth in sentencing laws and three-strike legislation, (Carlson, 2008). Although economic trends started affecting the consideration of sentencing policy, the public attitude toward crimes has greatly changed. Polls show that more people think that it is necessary to address the root causes of crimes and less support the use of strict measures toward criminals. The attitude toward mandatory sentencing also underwent a change. The pool conducted in 2005 showed that 38% think that mandatory sentencing is a good idea whereas 45% of respondents prefer judicial discretion. This radical change in the attitude can be causing significant drop in the crime rate registered in the country, (Carlson, 2008). State and federal governments respond to the impact of the economic crisis on the correction system in a number of ways. The nature of problems varies, depending on the state, and so varies the strategies used. The most popular measures are as follows: prison closings, cuts of the staff in corrections, reviewing the budget of corrections concerning nonessentials, reconsidering sentencing schemes, establishing sentencing committees and commissions. Everything in life changes all the time and will always be that way, which is why everything about the past be called history. The rules and regulations for punishing the wicked and wrong doers always have been around. Many past mistakes made; consequently, the rules had to have either adjusted or completely erased altogether to fix these mistakes. The system of punishment is not a design to humiliate or degrade individual in any way, it is an intention to teach the difference between what is right and what is wrong according to the guidelines set forth by government officials. As the rules and regulations change, it affects the state and federal prison systems. They have had to become more lenient and tolerant with the individuals punished for their crimes. Still they have to try to maintain order within the walls of the confinement even though tougher laws outside the walls are making it easier to put individuals behind bars causing overcrowding and less money for security. References Carlson, Peter M. (2008). Garrett, Judith Simon, Prison and Jail Administration: Practice and Theory, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Miller, Whitehead (2011). Report Writing for Criminal Justice Professionals, 4th Edition, p140, Chapter 6, State and Federal Prisons, Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Nieto, Marcus (May 1996). Community Correction Punishments: An Alternative To Incarceration for Nonviolent Offenders. http://www. library. ca. gov/crb/96/08/#RTFToC6.

A play written by J. B. Priestly Essay

An Inspector Calls, a play written by J. B. Priestly in 1945. He set his play in 1912 just before the First World War. It is a story of the visit by an Inspector to an apparently normal family, the Birlings. The Birlings are celebrating their daughter Shelia’s engagement to Gerald Croft. Mr. Birling a successful factory owner gets the ball rolling with a speech, which he gives to his son Eric, and Gerald Croft. J. B Priestly makes good use of dramatic irony in this speech because many events took place after 1912, which we the modern audience, know about but Mr. Birling doesn’t. Mr. Birling mentioned that the miners came out on a strike and there would be possible labour trouble in the near future. He said that there wouldn’t be any more worries about the strikes. But in 1926 we know that there was a General Strike in Britain. He talks about the Titanic being a spectacular ship with every luxury and it is absolutely unsinkable. But as we know in 1912 the Titanic sunk on maiden voyage and 1,513 lives were lost. He also mentioned about the wars not happening. He said that the Germans don’t want war. But in 1914 the First World War broke out. He said that there would peace and prosperity and rapid progress everywhere but in 1917 there was revolution in Russia. In 1939 the Second World War broke out and in 1945 the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. This makes the audience doubt Mr Birling early on in the play. When Mr. Birling finishes his speech the Inspector enters into the scene. The Inspector is at the Birling’s because there was a death of a woman Eva Smith and he had come to ask questions about her. Mr. Birling was the first person that we were led to believe started off the train of events that ultimately led to the death of Eva Smith. Mr. Birling had sacked Eva Smith from his factory after she started to cause trouble demanding higher wages. Mr Birling says that any man in his position would have done the same. She was making trouble as Mr. Birling said, ‘She had a lot to say – far too much so she had to goi. But the only thing that Mr. Birling cared about was his family and the progress of his business. He didn’t care about his workers and he didn’t know them. As he says in Act 1 â€Å"I have a couple of hundred workers under me, who keep changing†. So there wasn’t a personal relationship between these two until after the workers came back from their holidays that they were asking for a pay rise. As Mr. Birling wouldn’t, he sacked the ringleaders and one of them was Eva Smith. Now that Eva was sacked she was out of work for two months. She had no money and she was half starved. She had no one to help her. Her parents had died so they couldn’t offer any help and her friends had nothing to offer her. But then again it wasn’t the end of the world and she was capable of getting another job as we find out.

Harry Potter s Portrayal Of Magical Creatures - 2223 Words

Cichon7 Nicole Cichon Ms. Vyse English II Honors 15 March 2016 J. K. Rowling?s Portrayal of Magical Creatures in the Harry Potter Series as Compared to Creatures in Ancient Mythology The world famous book series, Harry Potter, has been an instant success worldwide. This series follows the life of a young boy, Harry Potter, in chronological order from the beginning to the end of his schooling. Harry Potter is schooled at a magical school somewhere in England, which is where the majority of the books take place. He is an adventurous boy who experiences many different quests and journeys with his loyal friends. This book series focuses mainly on the many magical creatures from many different types of mythology, some even including stories with Indian, Greek, or Roman backgrounds. J. K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series, incorporates these magical animals into the stories? plots and help to convey several messages about Harry Potter. The mythical creatures that are the most prominent in Rowling?s series are the dragons and werewolves. T he dragon and werewolf both have origins found in mythology and are crucial to Rowling?s themes in the books Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, furthering the messages that Rowling is trying to portray to her audience. In the Harry Potter series, written by J. K. Rowling, Rowling uses two specific magical creatures that have many correlations to ancient mythology and help to widen theShow MoreRelatedMagical Beasts By Harry Potter1487 Words   |  6 PagesJulie Miner Ms. Vyse English II 12 April 2016 Magical Beasts Throughout the series of Harry Potter, many creatures appear in the books and put into greater detail in the movies. Were these famous magical creatures made up or compared to something similar in mythology and folklore? There are many famous creatures throughout the story that add curiosity to one?s mind when first reading about one. The feeling one may get is to be able to see what this creature is capable of doing in comparison to othersRead MoreHarry Potter And The Sorcerer s Stone1655 Words   |  7 Pages1. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone By: J.K. Rowling 2. 309 pages The genre of this novel is a mix between fantasy and mystery. It takes place in an alternate universe at a school of witchcraft and wizardry. It also has an element of mystery, you are constantly trying to find out what has happened to Harry in his past. It also includes fictional creatures like fluffy the 3 headed dog and games like quidditch that resemble modern games like football and soccer. One theme from this book is friendshipRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesLocke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The Ancient World [ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE] 31 The European Renaissance [1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th Century 34 The 18th and

The Field Of Public Administration Essay - 1275 Words

The field of Public Administration is undoubtedly one of the most vast study fields there is. It is said that public administration is closely related to Management in terms of public management theories. After all Public Administration is the perfect management of people in a more vast public setting.According to Nigro and Nigro in their book Modern Public Administration, Public Administration is a co-operative group effort in a public setting which works in collaboration with the executive, legislature and judiciary of a nation, plays a significant role in the policy making process and is closely associated with numerous private groups and individuals for providence of service to the community. As public value increment is the main goal in public administration, the public management must be up to the task in optimization of service output at all times. As in public administration the Administration of the State is the service provider and we, the citizens, are their clients. As public administration is the allover perfect management of the public, it follows the principles of basic management and every task they perform can be categorized and analyzed by a certain management theory. Keeping that in mind, the main goal of this paper is to shed some light on the management theories that were formulated by scholars and the comparison of the management theories of the classical approach and new classical approach and their ways and views of analysis. The classical and newShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Public Administration914 Words   |  4 Pagesthe evolution of the field of public administration based on the leadership style and the organizational structure. It has three part s; the first part will compare the organizational framework of popular theorists’ with special attention to the type of leadership and the environment of the organization. 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Essay on Sociology and Life - 2045 Words

Socio-Autobiography (What my life is –what I make of it with the help of Biological and a Sociological Mix – A slice of my of life) Author: Nancy Gutierrez Written for my Sociology Class Culture and Society Instructor: Joan McGowan My family traditions and values have influenced my biological and cultural views and values. My life and career goals bear resemblance with my parents life and expectations influenced by class and culture. Yet have been structured by Sociological concepts. The older I become the more I clearly feel life is beginning to make sense. Looking back at my childhood I feel as I was living life all while being contained. I was born in Texas and raised in Indiana, in a town where speaking Spanish†¦show more content†¦Hispanic cultural) or the names. All I knew was that they were making me wish I had been born into another culture just to fit in. I soon realized they were ignorant out of lack of Education on Diversity and Race. 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Presumed Innocent Essay Example For Students

Presumed Innocent Essay Scott Turow writes an engrossing book based on love, obsession, and the legalsystem. In the beginning the protagonist character, Rusty Sabich, a DistrictProsecuting Attorney (P.A.) begins the story in first person speaking about whatis expected of him as a P.A. His voice gives reason that he is unhappy and lacksfaith in the legal system. Rusty has been accused of a horrible crime, rape andmurder. Turows story depicts a typical situation of a person being set up. Theending will ravish your outlook on love and infidelity. Rusty speaks of hissorrow for a peer who has been raped and murdered. Her name is Carolyn Polhemus. She was a Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for Kindle County. She was known to excelin her job of prosecuting rapist and her reputation became that of a slut. Raymond Horgan, the acting P.A. and Rusty Sabichs boss asks him personally toinvestigate her murder. Rusty and his co-worker, Lipranzer Lip, talkover the case and decide that it would be best to start with the men thatCarolyn had put behind bars. This inquiry led them to a missing file, dubbed theB file, meaning bribery. The B file becomes a crucialtwist to the plot. Rusty is seeing a psychiatrist. The first session that Turowreveals is that of Rusty talking of his affair with Carolyn Palhemus. He goesback in time as he discusses his compulsive, obsession for her. They began theiraffair after they won the case of a young boy who was brutally abused by his ownmother. The book gives explicit, erotic details of their sexual encounterstogether. Carolyn ends the affair with Rusty because she can not talk him intopushing Raymond to the side and running for office himself. This change inprofessional status for Rusty would in turn give Carolyn the chance to move upin the ranks. Rusty does no t deal with the break up and continues to persueCarolyn at the office and via telephone. He did not want the affair to end, norwould he have left his wife for her. Rusty confessed to his wife, Barbara thathe was having an affair with Carolyn Polyhemus, but that it had ended. Thefingerprint report is back and the prints belong to Rusty. There several phonecalls from Rustys home to Carolyns home. Lip also told him that the pathologyresults lead to type A blood and type A semen and that the person was sterile. Rusty made the comment that he is type A and Lip said that he thought aboutthat; however, Rusty has a son. The evidence against Rusty is taking a huge tollon the election of Rustys boss, Raymond Horgan. Raymond Horgan, a knoble man,looses the election to a man who used to work him, Nicco Della Guardia, anunfare, dirty player. Rustys house is searched and tests are performed oncarpet and coat fibers. Rustys wife is surprisingly very strong and supportivefor Rusty. Shortly after the results come in Rusty is arrested for the rape andmurder of Carolyn Polhemus. He hires the best and most expensive DefenseAttorney in town, Sandy Stern. In the mean time, Lip has found that theB file leads to a criminal named Leon who had Carolyn as a probationofficer. Raymond finds out about Rustys affair with Carolyn and Rusty finds outabout Raymonds affair with Carolyn. Rusty is stunned and Raymond is pissed-off. Rusty, being Raymonds right-hand-man for twelve years, is furious when he learnsthat Raymond plans to testify against him since he withheld the fact that he hadan affair with Carolyn. Raymond gave Caroloyn a case that she wasnt necessarilyqualified for. He gave in to her like the all the other men did. Carloyn was aseasoned bitch. Turow never gives out the identity of the murderer; however,throughout the trial he leads you to believe that it is Rusty. The trial beginsand right away the biggest piece of evidence is missing, the beer glasscontaining Rustys fingerprints which was removed from Carolyns apartment. Thefingerprint expert is allowed to testify even though the glass itself is missingfrom the evidence room. The evidence presented of the carpet fibers matchedRustys home carpet fibers and pathology report of bodily fluids automaticallyfingers Rusty as the murderer. Rustys lawyer believes that Rusty was set-up byNicco to make Raymonds campaign look bad, leading to Nicco winning t heelection. Lip was removed from the case, but being a close friend of Rustys,researches and finds Leon. The two of them go to visit Leon and leave with proofthat Judge Larren Lyttle, who happens to be the judge for Rustys case, was paidthrough Carolyn the sum of $5,000 to remove charges against him. They also foundout that Carolyn had an affair with Judge Lyttle. Rusty tells his lawyer aboutvisiting Leon and this concludes the importance of the B file. .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce , .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .postImageUrl , .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce , .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce:hover , .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce:visited , .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce:active { border:0!important; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce:active , .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc62bd4b63af56af3ce02e7cff5c306ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Nursing Leadership With Advocacy For Advocacy EssayKnowing that Judge Lyttle would catch on, Stern makes several accusationsreferring to the B file. The autopsy doctor for Carolyn, Dr. Kumigeye, testifies that he found spermicidal jelly along with type A semen inCarolyns vagina. Stern shows Dr. Kumigeye a report from a gynecologist provingthat Carolyn had her tubes tied six years prior. Dr. Kumigeye has made a bigmistake, possibly mixing up her report with one of the other eighteen peoplethat he examined that week. Stern asks the doctor if he can testify with nohesitance that Carolyn Polhemus had no spermicidal jelly present. Dr. Kumigeyecould not justify this statement. The apparent falsified evidence leads to thecase being dismissed. Rusty is judged as a hero and Stern as a wonderfulattorney. After sometime life begins to return to normal for Rusty, except hiswork. He finds it hard to go back and face the people who did not believe inhim. During his period of adjustment, Rusty starts the project of fixing thebroken fence at he and Barbaras home. He retrieves a tool and finds it hasblood and a blonde hair dried up on it. This tool matches the description of thetoo l used in Carolynss murder. He goes to the basement and washes the bloodfrom the tool as Barbara looks on. Rusty and Barbara agree to split up, but notdivorce. Yes, Rusty was obsessed with Carolyn and yes, Rusty neglected andbetrayed his wife, but he did not realize that his selfishness would lead tosuch a raw act of violence. His infidelity lead to the fantasy of a woman takingout the other woman who stole her husbands mind, body and soul. Rusty thought about it over and over again. He pieced it together and discoveredthat Barbara Sabich murdered Carolyn Polhemus. Scott Turow, being an attorneyhimself, writes a tragic story of a family torn from an affair that never endedin Rustys mind, heart and body. Carolyn made Rusty ache for her and she knewit. She had definitely mesmerized all of the men in PresumedInnocent. Turow throws out several hints that Rusty did it. One would bethe scene in Sterns office where Rusty acts like the prosecution and role-playsbeing the murderer. The motif would have to be the revenge and murder of ahusbands lover. Turow uses Rusty as first person to tell the story. Rustystone is mellow, yet anxious, laid-back and ripe at times. The novel proved tohave two conflicts. One being Rustys decision not to turn in his wife and theother is the conflict within himself about why he wanted Carolyn so bad. Irecommend this book to anyone involved in a relationship, especially if you arecheating on someone. Through out the novel I wanted to skip to the end. Thesuspense of who did it is relentless. My first guess was that Rustyfound out about Raymonds affair with Carolyn and became jealous enough to killher. My second guess was that Raymond found out about Rustys affair withCarolyn and set him up. I suggest reading the novel and renting the movie. Therewere a few differences between the book and the movie. The main one was that inthe movie Barbara Sabich confesses to the murder of Carolyn Polhemus after Rustywashes the hatchit. In the novel, Rusty figures out that his jealous, crazy wifefantasized, plotted and killed Carolyn Polhemus.

Night By Elie Weisel Essays - , Term Papers

Night By Elie Weisel "Life is easier to take than you'd think; all that is necessary is to accept the impossible, do without the indispensable, and bear the intolerable." This quote was said by Kathleen Norris. I think that I agree with the quote, and also that the quote was not being sarcastic. One example of this quote being true is in the book Night by Elie Weisel. When the Nazi powers began to take over the country Elie and his family didn't "accept the impossible". They thought they if they stayed where they were, that the whole thing would blow over. But they were wrong. His family are sent to a concentration camp. He and his father are separated from his family, and then they are forced to do series of tests in which the is inhumane in regular society. These tests included, getting shaved, getting doused with gasoline, and staying out in the cold for hours with no clothes on. They had to "bear the intolerable". Another example of the quote was the move "Max and Helen". They, just as the Weisel family, refused to "accept the impossible" and evacuate their homes before it was too late. In this movie, however, Max, Helen, and, Helen's sister were separated from their parents and sent to a quarry where they had to work. They had to work very hard and were beaten, and they had to "bear the intolerable" . If these families would've lived by the quote by Kathleen Norris, they could have saved themselves from much suffering and agony. If you can "accept the impossible", you can just live without worrying about what's going to happen. And if you can "bear the intolerable", you can get through the tough times, and live for the good.